After each cycle has been completed, another cycle begins, targeting one or more different phonological patterns. During each cycle, one or more phonological patterns are targeted. The goal is to increase intelligibility within a short period of time, and treatment is scheduled in cycles ranging from 5 to 16 weeks. What could therapy look like? The cycles approach targets phonological pattern errors and is designed for highly unintelligible children who have extensive omissions, some substitutions, and a restricted use of consonants. Grunwell, 1987, Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Systems Corporation **Please consult with a Speech Language Pathologist to determine if your child is exhibiting a phonological disorder or an age-appropriate simplification. ![]() This process often continues past the age of 5 years. For example, a child might say “wun” for “run” or “wip” for “lip”. This process is when a child produces a /w/ for a /r/ or /l/. ‘v’, ‘s’, ‘z’ = 3 years to 3 years, 6 months This process should be suppressed between the ages of 3 years and 5+ years depending on the sound: For example, the child might say “doo” for “zoo” or “pun” for “fun”. This process is when a child substitutes a consonant where the airflow is stopped (p, b, t, d, k, g) for a fricative or affricate sound that has continuous airflow (f, v, s, z, sh, ch, j, th). This process should be suppressed between the ages of 3 years 6 months and 4 years. For example, a child might say “ghetti” for “spaghetti” or “micwave” for “microwave”. This process occurs when a child leaves off an unstressed syllable in a multisyllabic word. For example, a child might say “nake” for “snake” or “bush” for “brush”. This process occurs when a child leaves off a sound in a consonant blend of two or more sounds. This process should be suppressed by the age of 3 years. For example, a child might say “dum” for “gum” or “tat” for “cat”. ![]() This process is when a child substitutes a sound made at the front of the mouth (t, d, p, b, m) for a sound that is produced in the back of the mouth (k, g, ng). ![]() For example, a child might say “ha” for “hat” or “ca” for “cat”. This process is when a child leaves off the ending or final sound in a word. For example, a child might say “up” for “cup” or “an” for “man”. This process is when a child leaves off the beginning or initial sound in a word.
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